ANNIVERSARY
July 18, 1936: The
Spanish Civil War
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Republican
militiamen and women parading in the
streets, 1936. L'Illustration
collection.
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Spain,
17 and 18 July, 1936. Right-wing
military rebels organized a coup against
the Spanish Republic. Although unable to
fulfill their objectives, the coup led
to a Civil War which lasted three years.
More than 450,000 people died; killed
through fighting, by bombs, by
assassination, or victims of epidemics.
Spain was devastated. Hundreds of houses
and churches were destroyed and villages
entirely ravaged. In March 1939, the war
came to an end with victory by the
Nationalists. General Franco established
a dictatorship which lasted until his
death in 1975.
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| The
fights |
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From
July 1936, Spanish
people toof sides and
armed themselves:
Republicans were loyal
to the Republic,
Nationalists, supported
the monarchy. Fightings
was intense to hold a
city or to conquer it
(Siege of Madrid, Siege
of the Alcazar in
Toledo, Battle of
Majorca, etc).
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| The
leaders |
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Leaders,
officers and generals
associated with the Spanish
Civil War. General Franco,
President Azaña, Commander
Mola, they all played an
important part in the
conflict.
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| The
refugees |
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Over
three years, hundreds of
families, mostly Republican,
escaped the fighting and found
shelter in France or abroad:
they were called the refugees
and exiled of the Spanish Civil
War. In total, about 450,000
crossed the French border.
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| Women |
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After
the coup, several revolutionary
movements broke out in Spain. In
certain regions there was a
social revolution, partly led by
women. They wanted to show their
conviction by enlisting in the
militia, fighting or
participating in the movement
'Mujeres Libres'.
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